NOTE DESPRE ORIGINEA UNOR TEXTEME CARAGIALIENE
Notes on the Origin of Several Textemes in the Work of I.L. Caragiale
Abstract: This article demonstrates that some of the textemes of Romanian playwright I.L. Caragiale, which later became famous throughout the entire Romanian ethnolinguistic community, are in fact borrowed from older Romanian texts, which appeared in the mid-19th century. My analysis focuses on three textemes from Caragiale’s comedies (“the family is the small homeland, as the homeland is the large family”, “a stormy night” and “have a little patience”), identifying their origins in the writings of C. D. Aricescu, Ioan M. Bujoreanu and I. Heliade-Rădulescu. My study concludes that Caragiale’s plays have a deeply intertextual structure.
Keywords: textemes, Ion Luca Caragiale, comedies, nonliterary discourse, Romanian literary tradition
O CERCETARE ASUPRA FITONIMELOR ROMÂNEȘTI CREATE CU AJUTORUL TERMENULUI DE ORIGINE LATINĂ „IARBĂ” II
A Research on Romanian Phytonims Created with the Latin Originated Term “Iarbă” (Herb) II
Abstract: My paper aims to reveal an inventory, an interpretation and a statistical analysis of Romanian names of plants which implicate the term „iarbă” (herb, grass), spread through the botanical terminology, a phenomenon which, according to E. Coşeriu, has not been sufficiently highlighted (given that the individual speaker became a creator of language / poetry whenever he named a flower). Botanical popular terminology has a primarily practical value, designating, distinguishing and categorizing elements of the plant kingdom within the given natural reign, but also has a high theoretical significance, especially for linguists, both through the ethimons that they point to and through the metaphorical meanings the phytonims mostly have.
Keywords: Romanian phytonyms, ethnobothany, linguistic imaginary, herb, grass, iarbă
INDECIZIE LINGVISTICĂ… LA SUPERlativ
Linguistic Indecision. The Case Study of the SUPERlative
Abstract: This research paper aims to identify and explain the ways in which the superlative comprising the prefixoid super- is spelled in current sports journalese. The absolute superlative renders the highest intensity of a quality, it has a non-comparative character ([+Intensity], [–Comparison]) and an increased productivity. I opted for the analysis of the language used in sports journalese, as this field is characterised by competition. In order to attract the readers’ attention, the journalists have the tendency to exaggerate and to this end they use intensifiers excessively. One of the ideas I started from in my research was to identify which terms, structures, pronunciations can or cannot be considered as deviations from the norm/mistakes. I will pay heed to the norms in force, as well as to the incontestable deviations from those norms. For this research I analysed contexts which comprise super as a prefixoid – an element which is used in the formation of a new word separated from the main word by a hyphen or linked to the main word, on the one hand, and super as a separate word, on the other hand. The analysis is based on a corpus which comprises articles containing words or structures with the element super. The articles in the corpus were retrieved from the website www.sport.ro® and they were published in the period January 1st – July 31st 2023. In this research I analysed the degree to which the rule regarding the spelling of compounds comprising prefixoids is respected in current sports journalese or whether there is a tendency of formal (semi-)autonomy of super as a means of expressing the absolute superlative. In order to obtain a clear picture of the linguistic phenomenon under scrutiny in this article I combined both modern and traditional methods of research.
Keywords: superlative, prefixoids, word formation, journalese, linguistic dynamics
UN PETIT TOUR À TRAVERS LA TRADUCTION DU TEXTE TOURISTIQUE
A Short Tour Through the Translation of the Tourist Text
Abstract: Our study focuses on the translation of travel writing, a multi-semiotic genre by excellence, as well as on the specific role of the translator as an intercultural mediator, responsible not only for conveying the intended message faithfully, but especially for the effect the author wants to produce on the target reader. Analysing the translation of the brochure Sibiu – the Treasure from the Foot of the Carpathians from Romanian into French by Audrey Papuchon, we identify the strategy used by the translator in terms of the skopos of the translation and the target readership, the procedures of linguistic transfer, and the techniques she used in order to solve certain difficulties, especially regarding the transposition of culturemes. Therefore, we ascertain that, in addition to translating the text, most attractive and persuasive in itself, the translator has also managed to convey to foreign tourists an important side of the unparalleled image and culture of Romania.
Keywords: travel text, translation, proper nouns, culturemes, intercultural communication, Transylvanian heritage, Romania
VERS UN MODÈLE DIDACTIQUE OPÉRATOIRE: DE L`ENSEIGNEMENT-APPRENTISSAGE DU FRANÇAIS JURIDIQUE À LA TRADUCTION DU TEXTE JURIDIQUE ET À LA RÉDACTION D`ÉCRITS PROFESSIONNELS
Towards an Operational Didactic Model: From Teaching-Learning Legal French to Translating and Writing Specialized Texts
Abstract: The aim of the present study is to discuss, both theoretically and practically, based on my experience as a professor at the MA in The Theory and Practice of Translation, the opportunity and the necessity of an operational model in the didactic approach to specialized translation, as part of the specialized language teaching framework in a multilingual environment. Such an approach has to be based on a complex and integrative pedagogy, which can accommodate the numerous challenges encountered in the training process of translators, who are increasingly expected to master knowledge and different means of expression related to the specialized knowledge of other areas of activity, particularly law. Taking this into consideration, I aim to demonstrate the advantages of such an integrative approach through a four-stage teaching-learning process on legal discourse, namely teaching-learning legal discourse and its characteristics, analyzing legal texts, translating and preparing professional legal texts. In order to illustrate this approach, I outline the most important aspects of these four didactic stages, while focusing on the strategies related to the specificity of legal discourse and the theoretical challenges arising from current research in the field. Moreover, my study brings to the fore the main challenges of teaching specialized languages and specialized discourse analysis, but also of writing legal texts and other specialized professional papers.
Keywords: legal translation, specialized languages, French legal texts, translation studies
VERORDNUNGEN DES HERMANNSTÄDTER MAGISTRATS AUS DEM JAHR 1564 UND IHRE ÜBERTRAGUNG INS RUMÄNISCHE
Ordinances of the Sibiu Magistrate from 1564 and their translation into Romanian
Abstract: In the Middle Ages and early modern times, the town registers were the municipal registers in which the various notaries recorded the decisions of the town council regarding the legal and administrative estate of the citizens. I was particularly interested in two documents from the year 1556, which fall outside the usual routine of the book, as they are files regulating the activities of the winegrowers’ association and the activities of the inns. The documents were also discussed from the point of view of their translation into Romanian.
Keywords: Transylvanian Saxons, guilds, ordinances of the Sibiu magistrate, translatology
LINGUISTIC DEVIATIONS AND LITERARY TRANSLATION
Abstract: This article is an attempt to shed some light on linguistic deviations in literary style and the importance of maintaining them in the process of translation. Literary translation means more than just a simple rendering of context; a literary translator should render cultural nuances, emotions, humor, allusions, stylistic deviations, etc. The French literary critic, Michael Riffaterre, offers a compelling approach to literary translation, arguing that this type of translation differs, to a great extent, from translation in general “for the same reason that literature is different from nonliterary uses of language” (in Schulte and Bigunet 1992: 204). Literary language has always been perceived as unique, different from other types of language; one that deviates from standard everyday language in use, in that it violates the rules and norms of language to prioritize the way of transmitting the message rather than the message itself. A fundamental feature of literary style is a linguistic deviation that appears at various levels: lexical, syntactic, morphological, phonological, graphological, semantic, dialectal, register and historic. Thus, the article seeks to thoroughly describe, investigate and translate the above-mentioned deviations, in an attempt to familiarize researchers, translators and anyone interested in this field and the field of translation studies with this linguistic phenomenon. This investigation is based on different samples from well-known authors from Romanian as well as English and American literature.
Keywords: translation, stylistics, literary language, foregrounding, stylistic deviation
IPOSTAZE ALE TRAUMEI ÎN VIAȚA ȘI VREMURILE LUI MICHAEL K
Faces of Trauma in The Life and Times of Michael K
Abstract: This paper presents the novel The Life and Times of Michael K written by J.M. Coetzee, focusing on the forms of trauma that can be identified in the life of the protagonist: the social trauma, trauma as the sum of interpersonal interactions, and family trauma. Through a philosophical and introspective approach, the writer presents the fact that, in a universe of
disillusions, the ego must assume certain forms of resistance, intended to bring initiation and liberation. Silence, metaphysical gardening and a handful of “seeds” are the elements that can transform us, that can bring about the regeneration of the whole society. It takes a life, a journey and a genuine connection with nature to succeed, but it is possible to live in a fragmented universe, full of controversies and vain desires.
Keywords: J.M. Coetzee, South-African novel, trauma, resistance, apartheid
THEODOROS SAU „DESPRE FRUMUSEȚEA UITATĂ A VIEȚII” ȘI ALTE DARURI LIVREȘTI. PLEDOARIE PENTRU LITERATURA MONDIALĂ
Theodoros or Notes on the Forgotten Beauty and the Gift of Life. A Plea for World Literature
Abstract: The present study aims to showcase Cărtărescu’s latest novel, Theodoros (2022), setting it in the larger context of world literature testified by its overarching and daring theme placed throughout the pages of a minutely and accurately documented historiographic and literary text. The secondary goal of the analysis is to highlight the concept of late-career novel applied to Theodoros (2022) in addition to some terminological clarifications regarding the literary genre most congenial to the book and its significance in the development of the writer’s literary career as well as its relation to the preceding texts. The self-reflexive dimension is also subject to analysis in the present study in order to endorse our approach to the status of the author. Last, but not least, a section of the present study is devoted to the analysis of major literary symbols permeating the book from cover to cover.
Keywords: world literature, national literature, literary translation, late-career novel
DINAMICA EMOȚIONALĂ ÎN CONVORBIRI LITERARE – O ANALIZĂ CANTITATIVĂ A 32 DE ANI DE POEZIE PRIN SENTIMENT ANALYSIS
Emotional Dynamics in Convorbiri literare — A Quantitative Analyis of 32 Years of Poetry Using Sentiment Analysis
Abstract: This article explores the area of sentiment analysis, specifically looking at its use on a special dataset: poems published in Convorbiri Literare from 1867 to 1898. With a focused approach, the study examines the detailed expressions of happiness and sadness within this 32-year collection, using advanced sentiment analysis techniques to understand the emotional nuances present in the poetry of that period. The research leads the way in applying both traditional and innovative sentiment analysis methods, including lexical affinity, concept-level analysis and clustering methods, to analyze the emotional content of the poems. By tracking the changes in emotional expressions of happiness and sadness over three decades, the study showcases the change in sentiment in poetry, reflecting cultural shifts and artistic movements of the time. The findings not only reveal the emotional dynamics of 19th-century Romanian poetry but also set the stage for future research, particularly in the realm of quantitative literary analysis.
Keywords: Sentiment analysis, Convorbiri literare, Happiness, Sadness, 19th-century Romanian Poetry
CONTROVERSELE ETICHETEI „FEMININE” ÎN LITERATURA ROMÂNĂ – ÎNTRE IZOLARE ȘI APARTENENȚĂ
The Controversies of “Feminine” Etiquette in Romanian Literature – Between Isolation and Belonging
Abstract: Gender stereotyping strongly impacted the evolution of Romanian women writers when they started to assert themselves in literature towards the end of the nineteenth century and in the first decades of the twentieth century. The scholars of that time used the term “feminine” to define women’s literary works, which contributed to widen the gap between them and their counterparts. Women’s literature was considered sentimental, instinctual, modest, and delicate, as its value was seen through the lens of their social roles. This paper aims to illustrate how the social stereotypes dictated the scholars’ approach to women’s literature and to highlight the controversies revolving around the use of the feminine as a coined term for their literary works.
Keywords: women’s literature, women’s studies, Romanian literature, gender stereotypes
EXPRESII ALE REALISMULUI PERIFERIC ÎN LITERATURA EUROPEANĂ POSTCOMUNISTĂ : O INTRODUCERE
Manifestations of Peripheral Realism in Postcommunist European Literature: An Introduction
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to bring into discussion the concept of peripheral realism as a key concept in analyzing the similarities and differences highlighted in specific literary works, with a particular emphasis on literature originating from Eastern European countries. By employing a specialized approach to the expresions of peripheral realism, the study investigates literary texts produced in peripheral regions with limited global impact. Additionally, detailed attention is given to the influences and consequences of the communist era, which has left its imprint on the respective societies. The central argument of the paper posits that literary works, far from being mere artistic products, substantially reflect geopolitical, ideological and cultural aspects specific to the regions in which they are conceived. Consequently, this research provides a critical and comprehensive perspective on literary interactions within an ever-evolving transnational landscape.
Keywords: peripheral realism, postcommunism, Eastern European literature, World Literature studies, transnational perspectives, geopolitical influences
DE LA MÂINILE CARE SE ROAGĂ LA MÂINILE CARE UCID: METAFORA MÂINILOR ÎN ROMANUL DE RĂZBOI DIN PERIOADA INTERBELICĂ
From Praying Hands to Killing Hands: The Metaphor of the Hands in the Romanian War Novel of the Interwar Period
Abstract: There is no doubt that the grim reputation of the First World War is mainly due to the immense loss of human life, but the great calamity of the 20th century involved many other developments; among them, in first place, are those of a technological nature. The tragedy of a developing world was that technology joined hands with the tide of power that was sweeping Europe from one end to the other, leading to the outbreak of a hitherto unparalleled war and, by implication, dictating the extremely brutal manner in which it was conducted. Although in figurative language the idea of power is closely linked to the hand, as a symbol of strength, determination and resistance, in the repertoire of the novels investigated, the symbolic value of the human hand has a much wider range of meanings. This is what the present study aims to highlight: not only that the hand is a word that is not absent from the vocabulary of war novels, since weapons are carried by hands, but also that the symbolism of the hand tends to eclipse the idea of force, understood as an arbitrary way of imposing oneself on the adversary. As war claims more and more victims, proving to be a colossal human error, the symbolism of the hand undergoes a commensurate transmutation. As an antithesis of the idea of power, it often suggests not only weakness, the loss of physical and mental strength, but above all the acute need for compassion and solidarity in the face of suffering.
Keywords: hands, First World War, power, trauma, suffering
O RADIOGRAFIE A LITERATURII ROMÂNE PENTRU COPII DUPĂ ANII ‘90 PÂNĂ ÎN PREZENT DIN PERSPECTIVA (GEO)CRITICII MORETTIENE
A Review of Romanian Children’s Literature since the 90s from the Perspective of Moretti’s (Geo)criticism
Abstract: This article aims to analyze the relationship between Moretti’s theories and methods of critical research and Romanian children’s literature, proposing both a new approach and a new way of reading children’s literature. The main idea is that Romanian children’s literature from the past three decades has become an increasingly developed and effervescent field, with openings towards world literature and, therefore, it needs new research methods pertaining to World Literature studies. Since Franco Moretti’s theories are already integrated into Western (geo)criticism, it is important to metabolize them in the local context precisely in order to legitimize a coherent geocritical approach to Romanian children’s literature.
Keywords: (geo)criticism, children’s literature, distant reading, cartography, literary Darwinism, literary canon, literary geography, world literature
DESPRE CÂȘTIGUL MARGINAL ÎN TRANSFORMAREA ORGANIZAȚIONALĂ A UNEI INSTITUȚII CULTURALE
On the Marginal Gain in the Organizational Transformation of a Cultural Institution
Abstract: Cultural institutions aim to preserve and promote traditional culture through information and educational activities. Starting from the organizational change – seen as a transitional stage in performance improvement – this paper aims to approach the cultural institution through the theory of marginal gains that can provide a starting point in the processes of sustainable improvement of institutional performance.
Keywords: organizational change, marginal gains, performance, planned change